After climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb

It's easier to go down a hill than up it but the view is much better at the top.

Himachal Tourism

Tuesday 17 May 2016

Exciting activities in Lahaul in Himachal Pardesh.

Exciting activities:
To- do-Trails:

Trakking in lahaul.For trekkers, the Spiti hill is a heaven, contribution demanding trek to travel around the new height of the Himalayas. The treks takes you to the mainly distant areas counting the rocky village and old Gompas follow by the foreign wildlife trails. A few of the well-liked trek route in the region include Kaza-Langza-Hikim-Komic-Kaza,Kaza-Ki-Kibber-Gete-Kaza, Kaza-Losar-Kunzum La and Kaza-Tabo-Sumdo-Nako. There are a few very far above the ground height treks also somewhere you have to irritated pass- like Parangla Pass (connecting Ladakh with Spiti Valley), Pin Parvati Pass, Baba Pass, Hampta Pass treks, Spiti Left Bank Trek are few to name. satisfy letter that you carry all the compulsory belongings previous to you skull out for a trekking tour to Spiti. Tents, sleeping bags, cooking gear, heavy wooolens, sunscreen and sunglasses are a have to.

Skiing:

skitting in lahaul Skiing is the well-liked escapade sports education in Spiti and has been well-liked in India from the history few years. The astonishing snowstorm clad mountains with the additional benefit of inspirational height are sufficient to attraction the escapade feelings of the keen skier, as long as all the excitement and fun paying attention to the game. public from all approximately the ball come to information this enticing adventure act.Yak Safari: The the majority exciting of all escapade behavior in Spiti is the Yak safari. You be able to employ the Yak to see the plants and fauna of trans-Himalayan desert. It is, in information, the life chance that you won't find wherever else so with no problem. separately from this, horse safari are also conduct in this region.

Monday 16 May 2016

Religion Of Lahaulies Peoples in Himachal Pardesh.

Religion.


 Lahaulies peoples .Mainly of the Lahaulis go after a mixture of Hinduism and Tibetan Buddhism of the Drukpa Kagyu arrange, as the Spiti Bhotia go after Tibetan Buddhism of the Gelugpa order. inside Lahoul, the Todh/Gahr(upper region of lahaul towards Ladhakh) area had the strongest Buddhist power, due to its shut nearness to Spiti. Lahoul has temple such as Trilokinath temple, anywhere pilgrims adoration a sure god in dissimilar manifestation, particularly in the shape of Shiva and Avalokiteshvara where [Udaipur] is a puritan temple. This bas-release, of mineral, depict the Buddhist divinity Avalokiteshvara (the personification of the Buddha's sympathy) in a stylized seat place; Hindu devotee take it to be Shiva Nataraj, Shiva dancing. This picture appear to be of sixteenth century Chamba craftsmanship. It was shaped to put back the unique black stone picture of the divinity, which become injured by art looters. This unique picture is reserved under the pedestal of the shrine. It appear to be of 12th century Kashmiri provenance . A huge agreement of the painting steal are lively in this far-absent band as of unfilled gompas and temples.Raja Ghepan, one of the main deity is very much workshipped by approximately all Lahauli.Previous to the increase of Tibetan Buddhism and Hinduism, the citizens were adherent of the faith 'Lung Pe Chhoi', an animistic faith that had some affinity with the Bön belief of Tibet. As the faith flourished, animal and person sacrifice were frequently obtainable up to the 'Iha', a word that refers to wickedness feelings reside in the usual world, particularly in the old pencil-cedar trees, rocks and caves. leftovers of the Lung Pe Chhoi faith can be see in the behaviour of the Lamas, who are hypothetical to have sure telepathic authority.

Lahaul Spiti Himachal Pradesh.
The Losar fair (also known as Halda in Lahauli) is famous flanked by the months of January and February. The date of festivity is determined by the Lamas. It has the same meaning as the Diwali festival of Hinduism, but is famous in a Tibetan style.At the create of the fair, two or three people from each family will approach investment on fire anger. The on fire firewood are then pile into a beacon. The populace will then implore to Shiskar Apa, the deity of riches (other name Vasudhara) in the Buddhist faith.In the Pattan strap of the vale in Lahoul mainly inhabitants follow Hinduism,but count for 14 percent of the sum and they are call swanglas. The fagli fair is famous flanked by February and March all in excess of the vale. This fair is a new year fair and closely head start of tibetian and Chinese calendar. distinguished is the Pattan citizens are the late settler in the vale approximately 1500 A.D. and have broad tourist attractions and have separate language on the likes the middle Asians,chamba, pangi, pashtoons and uyghurs. This strap is recognized for the meeting for chandra and bhaga rivers to form Chenab.Lahaul has three main hill like kinnaur, which is Tinan Valley( Koksar-Dalang),Pattan Valley(Mooling-Uadaipur region),Punan or Todh/Gahr(Keylong-Zanskar). People of Pattan hill are mainly Hindu and every town has its preside god. The occupant of Tinan hill is prejudiced by together Buddhism and Hindu. The public of Punan(Todh/Gahr) is more often than not prejudiced by Buddhism.


Lifestyle of Lahaulis Peoples in Himachal Pardesh.


 About Lifestyle .

Lahaulies peoples.
The lifestyle of the Lahauli and Spiti Bhotia are alike, due to their nearness.Polyandry was extensively skillful by the Lahaulis in the history, though this do has been disappearing out. The Spiti Bhutia do not usually do polyandry any more, though it is conventional in a few remote region. divorce are talented by a easy rite perform in the attendance of township elder. Divorce can be required by also associate. The husband has to pay recompense to his ex-wife if she does not remarry. Though, this is rare in the middle of the Lahaulis. Farming is the major basis of living. Potato agricultural is ordinary. occupation comprise animal husbandry, working in administration program, administration armed forces, and additional business and craft that comprise weave. Houses are construct in the Tibetan architectural method, as the earth in Lahul and Spiti is hilly and fairly flat to earthquakes.

Best Place To Visit in Lahaul And Spiti District In Himachal Pardesh.


The significant traveler destination increase acrossthe Lahaul Spiti valley are Kaza, Tabo, Nako, Keylong, Jhnaskar and others.
Kunzum pass at 3550 m
Kunzum Pass .
One extra most important attraction of this valley is Kunzum la or the Kunzum Pass (height 4,551 m; 14,931 ft) is the entry go by to the Spiti Valley from Lahaul. It is 21 km from Chandra Tal. This region is linked to Manali from side to side the Rohtang Pass. To the south, Spiti ends 24 km from Tabo, at the Pare chu gorge where the road enter Kinnaur and join with nationwide thoroughfare No. 22.The two valleys are fairly dissimilar in physical nature. Spiti is more infertile with enormous and diverse normal formation at an standard height of the valley ground of 4,270 m (14,009 ft). It is with this flanked by haughty range, with the Spiti river speeding up out of a ravine in the southeast to meet the Sutlej River. It is a characteristic mountain wasteland kind area with an standard yearly precipitation of only 170 mm (6.7 inches).
TABO (3050 m) :

New Monastery - Tabo.
163 km from Kalpa is the antique town of Tabo, located on the left bank of river Spiti. flank on also side by hill, its has one of the mainly significant Buddhist monasteries regarded by many as only next to the Tholing Gompa in Tibet. It is also recognized as the Ajanta of the Himalayas. Tabo is the main simple multifaceted of Spiti which has ever since been affirmed a secluded tombstone beneath the auspices of Archaeological Survey of India.


KAZA (3600m) : 
Kaza beautiful place.
210 Km from Kalpa, 47 km from Tabo. The head office of Spiti sub-region, Kaza lies on the bank of river Spiti. In previous times, it was the assets of Nono, the leader of Spiti. It has a Buddhist Monastery and Hindu Temple.



KEY MONASTERY / KEY GOMPA (4116m) : 

 Tabo
7 km from Kaza. The largest monastery in Spiti Valley. recognized in the 11th century has very old Buddhist scroll and paintings. It also house big figure of Buddhist monks and nuns.






KIBBER (4205m) : 
 Kibber.
18 km from Kaza. The highest village in the world which is connected by motorable road and is the highest habitated village in the world which has its own polling station during elections.





DHANKAR (3890m) : 

The beautiful Dhankar Village is one of the most stunning attractions in Lahual and Spiti Valley, a home to the most beautiful and awe-inspiring Dhankar ...
24 km from Tabo, this place is well-known for a Buddhist monastery.







PIN VALLEY : 
Pin Valley National Park.

The Pin valley dishonesty underneath the Kungri Glacier and has more than a few good-looking and significant monasteries. It is call the land of Ibex and snow leopards.

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CHANDRATAL LAKE :
Chandra Tal meaning the Lake of Moon is situated at an altitude of 4270m in the Himalayan region of Lahaul and Spiti. Situated mostly in the part of Spiti.
7 km from Kunzam Pass, is one of the mainly good-looking lake in the whole Himalayan district. bounded by snowstorm, this bottomless blue water lake has a circumferences of 2.5 km. River Chandra flow very shut to the lake.


About Lahaul And Spiti District in Himachal Pardesh.

About Lahaul And Spiti District .

Beautiful Lahul Spiti Valley.
The region of Lahaul-Spiti in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh is one of the mainly stunning valley with antique monasteries and normal formation. It consists of the two previously divide districts of Lahaul and Spiti. The current managerial chief quarter  is Keylong in Lahaul. Earlier, Kardang was the principal of Lahaul, and Dhankar the principal of Spiti. One can trip this place also from Delhi via Manali or from Kalpa via Shimla.



Peoples in Lahaul and Spiti.

 Lahauli dress.The verbal communication, civilization, and populations of Lahaul and Spiti are intimately connected. usually the Lahaulis are of Tibetan and Indo-Aryan fall, As the Spiti Bhotia are more alike to the Tibetans, due to their nearness to Tibet. The region has a H.P. state lawmaking law in put to restrain very old loot ,by suspect travellers given past incidence. In pre-self-government era,the racial ethnic strap was into the British lahaul and the chamba lahaul,which was compound with punjab post 1947. This is second main region in indian amalgamation.The language of together the Lahauli and Spiti Bhutia fit in to the Tibetan family. They are very alike to the Ladakhi and Tibetans ethnically, as they had been located beneath the law of the Guge and Ladakh kingdom at infrequent interval. In the center of the Lahaulis, the relations acts as the essential component of relationship. The comprehensive relations scheme is ordinary, evolve from the polyandric scheme of the history. The relations is head by a older male associate, recognized as the Yunda, Even as his wife, identified as the Yundamo, attain power by life form the oldest associate in the age group. The tribe scheme, also recognized as Rhus, plays one more main position in the Lahauli civilization.The Spiti Bhutia group of people has an legacy scheme that is or else sole to the Tibetans. winning the death of together parents, only the eldest son will come into the relations possessions, as the eldest daughter inherit the mother's jewellery, and the younger siblings inherit not anything. Men typically fall back on the communal safety scheme of the Trans-Himalayan Gompas..


Sunday 15 May 2016

Beautiful Rivers In Kinnaur Himachal Pardesh.

Satluj.
               
             
The Satluj-This is the main river of Kinnaur approximately separating the region into two part. It runs within the Himalayan mountains for concerning 450 kilometers and the first fraction of its route is west-north-west. When it enters Kinnaur, it usually takes south-westerly way. Within the region the distance end to end is concerning 130 km. Its basis is hypothetical to be at a great height on the southern countenance of the Kailash range whence it flow into the holy lake Rawan Hard. As far as the town of Khab it is approximately a raze violent flow. At Khab it receives the Spiti river where the divan of watercourse is still on top of 2,589 m far above the ground from the denote sea height. The Satluj descend from about 3,050 m (the point of its entry in the region), to 1,220 m at Chaura graceful approximately the entire way flanked by thin cliff and therefore, there is no open earth worth telling all along its bank.The water of the river is more or less discoloured.Cultivated fields in terraces are normally at substantial altitude from its banks and thus resistant from the turbidity of water which main in June, July and August. The average discharge is about 2,000 cusecs during the winter and 100,000 cusec during June-July. The tributary of the Satluj in this region are the Spiti, the Ropa, the Taiti, the Kashang, the Mulgoon, the Yula, the Wanger, the Shorang and the Rupi on the right bank and the Tirung, the Gyanthing, the Baspa, the Duling and the Solding organization on the left bank.


Spiti
           
It is the next main river of the area which has its basis far north on the eastern slope of the mountain range which run flanked by Lahul and Spiti. The river is shaped at the bottom of the Kunzum Range by the flowing together of Kunzum La Togpo and the stream Kabzima and Pinglung. It flow eastwards till Kaurik and then turns southwards to join the Satluj river at Khab at an altitude of 2589 meters. Spiti is connected by more than a few feeders which meet the river both at right and left banks. Chaladogpo, the Yulang, the Lipak and the Tirasang are its main tributary. The only mentionable branch on the left bank is Chaladogpo obtainable flanked by Chango and Changriang, whereas on the right surface are the yulang, the Lipak and the Tirasang.


Baspa.              
               
Baspa River In Kinnaur,

The Baspa river, the another feeder of the Satluj, rise on the north eastern declivity of the external Dhauladhar of the Himalaya. It is a big and precious watercourse, organization easily down a well-known valley. It is surrounded on the south-west by the Dhaola Dhar and on the north-east by the enormous Raldang climax of the huge Himalaya. The canal of the river is broad. At Chhitkul its breadth is approximately twenty meters, inferior downward, the breadth is from twenty-three to twenty-five meters. After course in a north westerly way it waterfall into the Satluj at Karchham.The Baspa is next to Spiti in dimension and is about seventy-two km in distance end to end. Its whole route lies inside the region. As contrast to other rivers the Baspa is quite confused and often change its route thereby doing wide injure to the refined field on its bank.It receive the a variety of stream and streamlets on both of its banks. On the left side mentionable tributary are Zupkia, Thatang, Bering and Rukti and on the correct Suthi. This is the the majority occupied vale and there are now enduring bridge at a lot of places. An outlandship fish class recognized as brown trout (salmo fario) is establish in this river.

Nako Lake
                     

This gorgeous lake is far above the ground height lake situated in the Pooh sub-separation of region Kinnaur. The lake is bounded by willow and glacial trees. There is a little town on the bank of this lake - and the town seems to be half hidden by the lake's limits. On the water's northern side, are four Buddhist temples with stucco images and murals. Near Nako is a trail-like feeling credited to the saint Padmasambhava. It freeze in winter and citizens take pleasure in skating on this lake.

Thursday 12 May 2016

Fair and Festivals in Kinnaur Himachal Pardesh.

Sazo.


Sazo Fair.
This fair is experiential in the month of January. On this day the citizens take their bathtub in the usual spring and few still go to Satluj river for bathing if they occur to exist close to the river. Poltus, rice, pulses, vegetables, meat, halva, chilta and pug are the main tableware ready on this time. In the morning the family god is worship with the food apart from meat. The fireside is also worship near Noon time, the divinity is bring out and worshiped with wine and halwa A fold dance is held. after that the deity is supposed to have gone to Kinner Kailash


Phagul or Suskar.

Phagul Or Suskar Fair.It is famous in the month of February/March. In this fair the sprit of Kanda (Peaks) call Kali is mostly worship, the festival last concerning a fornight and is famous all in excess of Kinnaur. Every day of the fair is call by dissimilar name and more than a few odd function are detained each day. On the last day a banquet is ready and citizens adoration kali on the roof of the houses and then partake of the foodstuff. It is supposed that following the purpose and fair are famous with filled enthusiasm Kali the strength feel glad and bless the villagers with wealth and abundance in the pending years.

Baisakhi or Beesh.

Baisakhi Or Beesh.It is famous in the month of April. The villagers get ready food like Poltu, Halwa and Keyshid. The picture of the goddess is bring out of the temple and a fair is detained in the Santang. It is an time to get jointly and to dance and drink. This fair script the end of chill period also. New woolen clothes are worn from the fur spun throughout the winter.

Dakhraini.

Dakhraini Fair.This fair is famous in the month of the July. On this day a banquet is serve. The god is bring out and the villagers dance previous to her. Zongor and loskar plants are bring from the kand peak and their garland are obtainable to the goddess. following this these plants are dispersed in the middle of the villagers. One or two member from the family where passing away strength have occur before this fair go to the peak of the hill and ofter some food and fruits to shepherd in memory of the dead soul. A pallid standard on which some Buddhist mantras are written is fix there as a kind of prayer for the peace of dead soul.

Flaich Ukhayang.

Flaich Ukhayang Fair In Kinnaur.It is a fair of flowers famous in the month of September. This fair is famous through the Kinnaur District on dissimilar dates. Usually citizens rejoice it on the hill peaks near their villages. The township divinity lead by group is approved to the put of in procession. One he-goat is sacrifice. A fair is held all through the day. Flowers of shuloo which have been bring from peaks for this reason are woven into garlands. At the end of the fair these garlands are offered to the deity. Immediately after that the public escort the deity to the township decorated with flowers. The citizens sing and dance on the go back                                                                         trip.

Losar.

Losar Fair In Kinnaur.Loser is famous in the month of December to greeting the new year. On this day in the morning a particular training of parched barley varied with butter milk is in use by all the relations member and they place on garland of chilgoza visit to the neighbours and friends are reciprocated and greetings of losuma tashi meaning happy new year are exchange. As the old human being betow their losuma shalkid or blessing. Two or three days previous to the losar festival khepa is experiential. On this day it is usual to get small twigs of a throny bush and place it on the doors. It is destined to district off wickedness feelings. On the next day these throny brushwood are detached and terrified distant absent from the township and a banquet follows in the night.

Tribal Festival.

Tribal Festival Tribal fair is being famous since 1994 from 30 October to 2nd November every year at District Headquarter Reckong Peo and this fair has been affirmed as State Level festival and has been famous since 1987 under dissimilar names like Janjatiya Utsav, Phulaich Utsav and also as Tribal fair. This fair not only depict the view of rich civilization inheritance of district but also provide an chance to the restricted citizens to sell/show their horticulture/farming create, handiwork and artifact. as well the Kinnauri civilization groups, participants from additional districts/states also there and do culture programmes symbolising national addition and brotherhood.





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Temples & Monastries in Kinnaur Himachal Pardesh.

Chandika Temple Kothi.
                               
Khoti temple in kinnaur.
A attractive temple devoted to goddess Chandika, extra particularly chosen as Shuwang Chandika has increase the celebrity of township Kothi in better fraction of the district.The restricted public grasp the goddess in huge respect and think her to be one of the the majority influential goddess. For desire of communal get in touch with by the restricted public with their additional higher and brahmin ridden brethren they have evolve their possess odd process of rite and adoration to this preside divinity. There is an image of gold, seated in an ark. It is dance up and descending by four citizens at the occasion of love.
Her fable go that she was the progeny of the evil person devta Banaasur who preside in excess of the Kinnaur. He had 18 sons and daughters. Chandika was the eldest amongst all. She preside in excess of Sairag the spirit of Kinnaur. But establish her grasp on the region was not so simple. The thakur of Chini lined Sairag by means of a help of a influential fiend. To beat this opponent, Chandika took the help of a slyness feminine family member call Byche. Byche dupe the fiend into insertion his extended hair flanked by the grind gravel of a water mill. Then Chandika spring on the powerless huge and detached his head with her sword. But a new head immediately replaced the old. Repeated swishes of her sword only bring onward more grin face. aggravated and exhausting, Chandika was soon in risk of drown in the sea of blood shaped by her events. abandonment her arrogance, she appear to her brothers for help. Chagaon Maheshwar respond and tell her to slay the life behind insect, balanced over the demon head. Chandika maintains her leader house at Kothi in the center of Sairag.
   
Mathi Temple at Chhitkul.
Mathi is the restricted goddess of the public of chhitkul have three temples the major one said to have been construct concerning five hundred years ago by a occupant of Garhwal. The four-sided figure ark of the goddess is complete of walnut wood and is enclosed with clothes and surmount by a tuft of yak tail. Two pole called bayanga are insert into it by income of which it is approved. Her fable go that she in progress from Brindavan and transitory from side to side Mathura and Badri Nath reached Tibet. later she came to Garhwal, and via Sirmour reach Sarhan in Bushahr and in the end reach the Barua Khad. Beyond Barua Khad she establish the country separated into seven parts. The god of Shaung village was Narenas, her nephew. She chosen him to protector the territory.Then she proceeded to Chasu village. There too she chosen the Narenas of Chasu, her nephew as a protector. Then she visit the Kamru fort where her husband Badri Nath, was a protector of the throne of Bushahr. She additional went to Sangla where her another nephew, Barang Nag, was accountable for conservation the Rupin Ghati. After that she proceed to Batseri village, where Badri Nath of Batseri, her husband was accountable for guard a put name Dhumthan. Thence forward she at home at Rakchham where Shanshares, yet one more nephew was chosen as a protector of Dhumthan. lastly she at home at Chhitkul and established there enduringly presumptuous the in general blame of conservation the seven division. following her influx, public had abundance of food, animals had enough lawn and the township begin to good. She had also a pujares. In the morning the pujares take away water from the near coil and adoration deity by on fire anger, As musical instrument are played by Domangs.
                                               
 Maheshwar Temple at Sungra.
  
The portal of Maheshwar temple of Sungra have excellent timber panel on also side. deeply cut imagery of famous Hindu deity are a luxury for the art historian. On the eastern partition are panel depict the Vishnu Avatars and the sign of the Hindu zodiac. The friezes on the attic are good-looking and the building arround the temple patio are likewise embellished . A small mineral holy place of eighth century stand a short space from the temple doorway, evidence of the site's antiquity. The Sungra Maheshwar was on one occasion said to have been attack by an opponent of phenomenal strength, often linked to the Pandava hero, Bhima. Bhima hurled a huge boulder at the temple from the ton tops crossways the Satluj. The Maheshwar deflect the projectile to one side. It at the present lies close to the road, a small method from the temple and still shelters the alpine flowers found only in the high mountains.

Chango Temples at Chango.
                  
Chango has three temples. In inferior Chango, the red ramparts of Rinchen Zangpo temple stand out atop a little promontory  but contain little of note. near, the village temple, in more usual use as a put of worship, has a big prayer helm, clay idols and modern wall paintings. A big picture of Avalokiteshwara, rudely imprinted in mineral, lies on the trail flanked by these two shrine. It was establish in some out of the way and the monks decided to place it in a temple but the combined strength of many men was inadequate to lift the mineral. Then the there site was although. The temple in higher Chango is the greatest reserved but of comparatively new vintage. close up by, a new entreaty hall, library and visitor rooms are approaching conclusion. crossways the Chango stream, balanced on top of yellow, alkaline cliffs, is an big compilation of spiritual buildings.                                                                                        

Rarang Monastery at Rarang.
                               
Tashi Temple.
Now exterior Rarang, on the Thopan side is the recently build Monastery of Tashi Choeling. This new monastery has approach in the wake of post-1960 Tibetan influence from the Drugpa sect. Close to the monastery are older dwelling and temples, amalgamation into the rocky outside of a rocky mountain side. These older unit are traced to Nyingmapa adherents.
                               




 Durga Temple at Ropa.                      
             
Durga Temple At Ropa.
There is a Durga temple at Ropa also recognized as the Chandika temple. Chandika had apportion to herself this half-arid area when she alienated Kinnaur in the middle of her brothers and sisters. Her temple at Ropa, a new arrangement with a unbreakable strengthen real frame, is an architectural malapropism.
                                            
Charang Temple.
                        
    
Charang Temple in Kinnaur.Now further than Charang is a temple of the eleventh century recognized as Rangrik Tungma multifaceted. The temple takes its name from the divinity Rangrik Tungma and her small metal picture, astride a horse is the oldest at the temple. In all probability Rangrik Tungma have to contain be a pre-Buddhist god, engrossed into the pantheon of the afterward trust. Two other figurine statue come into view to be of substantial worth; a Maitreya seat with legs pendant, in bhadrasana and a Buddha in bhumisparsha mudra. The ramparts of the major entry are connected with soil idol, in the similar method as the mandala in the dukhang at Tabo. The wall painting below are old though the helm of life exterior the door has been redo Vrecently. There is too an attractive save of ivory and bonehandled knife and daggers at the temple.Aa lot of centuries ago, it is supposed a thief bunch of criminals from crossways the Tibetan border raided the temple. The soil imagery of defensive deity at the entry set up a great sound, like the thunder hooves of gallop livestock. The great robber droped their arms and take off, association up valley to vanish in the crevasses of the huge glaciers watercourse downward from the high climax on top of. 

 Brelengi Gompa at Brelengi near Peo

Brelengi Gompa.
Close to Reckong Peo in Brelengi there is a Buddhist Monastery also known as the Brelengi gompa.This is an imposing contemporary Buddhist edifice. The monastery of Mahabodhi civilization was construct particularly for the Dalai Lama to do the Kalachakra rite in 1992. Next to the monastery is a 10 meter figurine of the rank Buddha, which is able to be seen from a substantial coldness.